Catabolic

DEFINITION

Catabolic refers to metabolic processes that break down complex molecules into smaller units and release energy. It is the opposite of anabolic processes that build bigger molecules.

EXPLANATION

Catabolism breaks down large molecules like glycogen, fat, and protein into glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids.
These smaller units are then used for energy, so catabolic processes are associated with energy expenditure and weight loss.
In contrast, anabolic processes use energy to synthesize bigger molecules needed for tissue growth and storage.
Exercise, fasting, injury, stress cause the body to shift toward a more catabolic state.

EXAMPLES

Aerobic exercise is catabolic – it breaks down fat and glycogen for energy.
The fight-or-flight stress response is catabolic due to hormones like cortisol.
Starvation induces catabolic processes to supply glucose through gluconeogenesis.

RELATED TERMS

Metabolism – all the chemical processes in the body
Anabolic – processes that build bigger molecules
Glycogenolysis – breakdown of glycogen into glucose

COMMON QUESTIONS

Is being catabolic good or bad? It depends on context. Catabolism is good for tapping energy stores but bad if breaking down too much muscle.

DO NOT CONFUSE WITH

Ketosis – a specific catabolic process that breaks down fat into ketones for energy.
Overtraining – excessive exercise can lead to excessive catabolism.

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