Catabolic
DEFINITION
Catabolic refers to metabolic processes that break down complex molecules into smaller units and release energy. It is the opposite of anabolic processes that build bigger molecules.
EXPLANATION
- Catabolism breaks down large molecules like glycogen, fat, and protein into glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids.
- These smaller units are then used for energy, so catabolic processes are associated with energy expenditure and weight loss.
- In contrast, anabolic processes use energy to synthesize bigger molecules needed for tissue growth and storage.
- Exercise, fasting, injury, stress cause the body to shift toward a more catabolic state.
EXAMPLES
- Aerobic exercise is catabolic – it breaks down fat and glycogen for energy.
- The fight-or-flight stress response is catabolic due to hormones like cortisol.
- Starvation induces catabolic processes to supply glucose through gluconeogenesis.
RELATED TERMS
- Metabolism – all the chemical processes in the body
- Anabolic – processes that build bigger molecules
- Glycogenolysis – breakdown of glycogen into glucose
COMMON QUESTIONS
- Is being catabolic good or bad? It depends on context. Catabolism is good for tapping energy stores but bad if breaking down too much muscle.
DO NOT CONFUSE WITH
- Ketosis – a specific catabolic process that breaks down fat into ketones for energy.
- Overtraining – excessive exercise can lead to excessive catabolism.
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